Also called ◼︎ green spurge.  Some authors treat Euphorbia esula and Euphorbia virgata as varieties of the same species, others do not.

Regardless, both are part of spurge  genus Euphorbia in spurge  family Euphorbiaceae.

Native to Eurasia.   Invasive > 🌐︎ global Invasive > 🌐︎ various Invasive > 🇨🇦 🇺🇸 Canada+USA Invasive > report it! Invasive > 🇺🇸 USA Invasive > Michigan seeds prohibited in Michigan  Adobe Acrobat Reader file (page 2)

🚼︎ For kids!  This plant described in a 🇺🇸 USDA Forest Service coloring noxious weeds page.

Uses by native peoples
(Ethnobotany database)   On No-Planting List by Seneca Nation of Indians SNI.  Adobe Acrobat Reader file (page 61)

Learn more about leafy spurge Euphorbia esula

Management and Control (Wisconsin)  Adobe Acrobat Reader file Best Control Practices BCP (Michigan) (Euphorbia virgata)  Adobe Acrobat Reader file
Biology and Biological Control  Adobe Acrobat Reader file Biological Control in Eastern USA  Adobe Acrobat Reader file (page 189)

🔍︎ 🔍︎ images Discover Life Encyclopedia of Life Michigan Flora (Euphorbia virgata) Flora of North America USDA PLANTS db USFS Wikipedia

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🏠︎ terrestrial 🌾︎ herbaceous plants