Do not confuse with
🇪🇺 ■ European black alder Alnus glutinosa
which is also sometimes called black alder. Very-distantly related:
- Not in the same
species, family, nor order.
- Their fruit are very different (drupe vs. cone-like, disbursed 🐦︎ by animals vs. 💨︎ by wind).
- Their leaves are very different.
- One is a tree, while the other is a shrub.
Part of
holly genus Ilex,
the only living genus in
family Aquifoliaceae.
Native to 🇨🇦 🇺🇸 Canada and USA, east of the 🗻︎ Rocky Mountains.
🗺 Map by county (🇺🇸 USA-48),
🗺 map (North America, Central America).
Uses by native peoples
(Ethnobotany database)
Ilex hosts caterpillars of 35 species
of butterflies and moths, in some areas.
You often see
🐦︎ bluebirds genus Sialia
on this plant, especially in ❄ winter.
How to Grow and Care for Winterberry Holly.
Use in a small water feature or back patio garden, bloom dates, height, light, moisture, etc. (Pennsylvania).
(pages 13, 30, 32 and 46)