with …

twigs=◼︎ square with ✦ corky wings;  bark=breaks into plates;  seed is ½ length of helicopter wide wing
blue ash  Fraxinus quadrangulata

OR they are NOT, but with …
leaf scar[?] shape= horseshoe;  bark=ridged with narrow--diamond-shapes
white ash  Fraxinus americana

OR they are NOT ( leaf scar shape= semicircle or oval), but with …
twigs=rusty ⫴ hairy;  buds=rusty ⫴ hairy;  outer-bark inner-face=​reddish
red ash  Fraxinus pennsylvanica

OR they are NOT, but with …
buds=near-black;  bark=smooth can-be-rubbed-off
black ash  Fraxinus nigra

OR they are NOT, but with …
buds=red-brown;  bark=ridged firm;  leaf scar shape=D◗
red ash variant green ash  Fraxinus pennsylvanica

Learn more about ash genus Fraxinus (Fraxinus spp.)

Part of ash / lilac / olive  family Oleaceae.

Uses by native peoples
(Ethnobotany database)

Fraxinus hosts caterpillars of 150 species
of butterflies and moths, in some areas.

🗺 Map by county (🇺🇸 USA-48) (color key).

Formerly abundant in much of 🇨🇦 🇺🇸 🇲🇽 North America and 🇪🇺 Europe, in much of their ranges, all native ash trees with stem diameters ⌀ > 2½ cm (1 in) (taller than a 🏀︎ basketball hoop or so), have been or are now being killed by parasitic insect emerald ash borer (EAB)  Agrilus planipennis.

We know some homeowners, who for over a decade protect their six adult ash trees through annual treatments.  And on a larger scale, we have heard that some communities do the same.  We have no details on this treatment, but we could find out.

And a local tribe is growing thousands of black ash  Fraxinus nigra 🌱︎ seedlings.  We have no details on what the tribe plans to do with these seedlings, nor why they think they will survive, but we could find out.

Protect Your Ash Trees from the Devastating Emerald Ash Borer (Fort Worth Botanical Garden).

Native alternatives for ash trees killed by EAB (Missouri Botanical Garden).

🔍︎ 🔍︎ images Discover Life Encyclopedia of Life Michigan Flora Minnesota Wildflowers Flora of North America USDA PLANTS db Wikipedia