learn more or continue identification …
where the seeds and associated structures are: dry🌰︎ nuts 🌲︎ cones 🚁︎ samaras 🌾︎ seeds or fleshy🍎︎ fruit 🍇︎ berries etc. :
where each seed is covered by: a thick husk🌰︎ nuts (including beech, hazelnut and oak acorns)🚧 under construction a 🌲︎ cone, with overlapping scales protecting the seeds🌲︎ conifer order Pinales🚧 under construction
wings, like a 🚁︎ helicopter🚁︎ samaras (including ash, elm, maple)🚧 under construction or plain 🌾︎ seeds (achene)🚧 under construction :
Most plants cannot move themselves to new habitats, so some have evolved methods to move their seeds. Some involve 🐦︎🐇︎🐜︎ animals in this 🌾︎ seed transport by providing a desirable nutritious fleshy substance—fruit.
Plants make this fruit from:
For 🐒︎ primates, including 👥︎ us, eating fruit is a prerequisite for big brains? [1]
seeds on outside of soft fruit or seeds inside soft fruit :
[1] "Is fruit eating responsible for big brains?" Science Magazine. March 27, 2017. Accessed 2017-04-29.
ankle-high groundcover; flowers have yellow center, leaves have 3 leaflets and ▲▲ teeth🍓︎ strawberry genus Fragaria
The fruit looks …
roughly spherical, not lumpy, with skin surrounding fruit flesh, surrounding a seedsimple[?] lumpy and bumpy, as if multiple fruit grew together into one massmultiple[?]: including fig, mulberry and 🍍︎ pineapple :
where the fruit skin and flesh surrounds … a hard stone (bony ovary wall), which contains a seeddrupes (including apricot, 🍒︎ cherry, olive, 🍑︎ peach and plum) a paper-wall, which contains the seeds🍎︎🍐︎ pome (including apple, hawthorn and pears) a tough hollow, which contains several seedsrose hips or
bare seeds, not covered by a paper-wall nor stone nor hollow🍇︎ berries (including blueberry, cranberry, grapes and 🍅︎ tomato) :
🚧 under constructionkinnikinnick or 🐻︎🍇︎ bearberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
🚧 under constructionelderberry genus Sambucus 🚧 under construction◼︎ American black elderberry / 🇨🇦 Canadian elderberry / common elderberry Sambucus canadensis 🚧 under constructionred elderberry Sambucus racemosa
🚧 under constructionthorn-like twigs; leaves=🍂︎ non-lobed, tip=long tapering, undersurface=vein network intricateAmerican plum Prunus americana
🚧 under constructiontree; ❀ 5 petals; leaves=short (<10 cm) (<4 in), firm, leathery, broad midrib◼︎🍒︎ black cherry Prunus serotina 🚧 under constructiontree; fruit=black, dark blue, dark red or bright red; ❀ 5 petals; leaves=short (<10 cm) (<4 in), teeth curve toward base🍒︎ chokecherry Prunus virginiana 🚧 under constructionno thorn-like twigs; leaves=🍂︎ non-lobed, ▲▲ toothed, each lateral vein terminates in ▴▴▴ multiple teeth, thin, hairless🍒︎ pin cherry Prunus pensylvanica
🚧 under constructionleaves=non-lobed; leaf undersurface=◼︎ silvery-white (turn it over); twigs=very lightautumn olive Elaeagnus umbellata 🚧 under construction🍃︎ deciduous; uppersurface=light green with silvery hairs, undersurface=◼︎ silvery-white🇷🇺 Russian olive Elaeagnus angustifolia 🚧 under construction🇪🇺 European olive Olea europaea
🚧 under constructionalmond, apricot, 🍒︎ cherry, coffee, olive, 🍑︎ peach, plum, and most 🌴︎ palms.
🚧 under constructionthorn-like twigs; leaves=🍂︎ non-lobed, undersurface=wooly hair🍎︎ common apple Malus pumila 🚧 under constructionthorn-like twigs; leaves=somewhat-♧-lobed; twigs, petioles and leaf undersurface=woolly🍎︎ prairie crabapple Malus ioensis 🚧 under constructionsouthern crabapple Malus angustifolia 🚧 under constructionthorn-like twigs; leaves=somewhat-♧-lobed; twigs and leaves=not woolly🍎︎ wild crabapple Malus coronaria
🚧 under constructionleaf undersurface=___ smooth🍐︎ common pear Pyrus communis
🚧 under constructiontree has thorns◼︎ black hawthorn Crataegus douglasii 🚧 under constructionleaf widest in middle, ___ smooth, leathery, ▲▲ singly-toothedcockspur hawthorn Crataegus crus-galli 🚧 under constructionleaf widest toward tip, ▲▴▲▴ doubly-tootheddotted hawthorn Crataegus punctata 🚧 under constructionleaf widest at base, stem and leaf=hairydowny hawthorn Crataegus mollis 🚧 under constructionleaf widest at base, stem and leaf=___ smooth, not obviously lobedthicket hawthorn Crataegus intricata 🚧 under constructionfruit=red; leaf widest at base, stem and leaf=___ smooth, some leaves have ♧ 3 lobes with deep sinuses, midrib=orangeWashington hawthorn Crataegus phaenopyrum
🚧 under constructionmultiflora rose Rosa multiflora
berries=black, spherical, each contains 1-4 seeds;woody shrub🇪🇺 European privet Ligustrum vulgare berries=black, spherical, small;tree; leaf shape=oblong (2× longer than wide); stems=hairy, darkglossy buckthorn Frangula alnus berries=black, spherical, small;shrub, height=<1 m (<3 ft); leaf shape=oblong (2× longer than wide); stems=hairless; wet feetalderleaf buckthorn Rhamnus alnifolia berries=black, spherical, small;tree; leaf shape=⬮ oval (barely longer than wide); twigs=hairless, | spine-tipped[?]common buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica berries=black;twigs not spine-tipped[?]viburnum genus Viburnum
🚧 under constructionblueberry genus Vaccinium 🚧 under constructioncranberry genus Vaccinium 🚧 under construction🍇︎ grape genus Vitis 🚧 under construction🍅︎ tomato Solanum lycopersicum
thorns=singles; twigs zig-zag🍊︎ Osage orange Maclura pomifera
side-buds=same width as twig; twigs=light-brownmulberry genus Morus twigs=downy; buds spread away from twigs; leaves sometimes ♧ lobed◼︎ red mulberry Morus rubra twigs=not downy; buds grow along twigs; leaves usually ♧ lobed◼︎ white mulberry Morus alba
🚧 under constructionfig genus Ficus and 🍍︎ pineapple Ananas comosus.
Thoreau once remarked that most fruits or seeds have wings of some sort or other,—even those of the 🍒︎ cherry. — Less obvious are that trillium genus Trillium (and other woodland plants that seem to grow in clumps) have seeds with a yummy attachment, that get them moved around by 🐜︎ ants!
seed fruit (botany) ovary (botany)
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kinnikinnick or 🐻︎🍇︎ bearberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi elderberry genus Sambucus ◼︎ American black elderberry / 🇨🇦 Canadian elderberry / common elderberry Sambucus canadensis ◼︎ red elderberry Sambucus racemosa