with needles that are …

___ flat, flexible  or

◼︎♦ 4-sided[?], | stiff and sharp, and twig=rough where needles fall off
spruce  genus Picea  or

◯ round with axial groves, segmented, tips have projections, looks like horse hair
🇦🇺 Australian pine or beach she-oak  Casuarina equisetifolia :

Needles are ___ flat and flexible

and splay …

left + right + up + down + all angles  or

left + right a little more than up + down + all angles
fir  genus Abies  or

left + right (pretty much exclusively) :

Needles splay left + right + up + down + all angles

branchlets droop;  buds=∧ pointed red-brown
Douglas fir  Pseudotsuga menziesii

Needles splay left + right pretty much exclusively

needle undersurface=whitish,
needle lengths differ from each other along stem, alternate, shed separately
hemlock  genus Tsuga  or

needle undersurface=not whitish,
needles shorter toward end of twig, opposite, shed together on their twig (look at base of tree)
bald cypress  Taxodium distichum

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🏠︎ 🌲︎ conifer  order Pinales

fir  genus Abies
hemlock  genus Tsuga Douglas fir  Pseudotsuga menziesii