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with needles or overlapping scales that are … 🌲︎ there nowevergreen or growing season 🍃︎ now gonedeciduous[?], dormant season :
with needles or scales that are … long (1–45 cm) (½–18 in) or long (if mature) or short (if young), splay left + right + up + down + all angles, branches=widely spaced and arranged=❋ whorledaraucaria genus Araucaria or short (<1 cm) (<½ in) :
singlyfir hemlock spruce and others genera Abies Casuarina Picea Pseudotsuga Taxodium Tsuga
in bundles of 2–5pine genus Pinus
in tufts of 6+, 🍃︎ deciduouslarch genus Larix
soft spikes in new growth and overlapping scales in old growth or
overlapping scales, some | sharp and prickly, from North America or
overlapping scales, branch ends splay ___ flat, as if ironed or overlapping scales, branch ends splay in any direction or
needles=| stiff, sharp and short, ◼︎♦ 4-sided[?], and twig=rough where needles fall offspruce genus Picea :
bark=light shreddy; if present, fruit=juicy, smaller than little fingernailjuniper genus Juniperus
east of 🗻 Rocky Mountains◼︎ eastern red cedar Juniperus virginiana west of 🗻 Rocky Mountains, looks wilted◼︎ Alaska yellow cedar Callitropsis nootkatensis
twig ends look jointedCalifornia incense cedar Calocedrus decurrens foliage=fragrant and glossy; cones=oblong, leathery◼︎ western redcedar Thuja plicata cones=spherical; can rub white off foliagePort Orford cedar Chamaecyparis lawsoniana in swamp or area of limestone◼︎ northern white cedar / eastern arborvitae Thuja occidentalis
overlapping narrow scales◼︎ Atlantic white cedar Chamaecyparis thyoides needles=awl-shape, arranged=spiralgiant sequoia Sequoiadendron giganteum
fruit=woody round (≥1 cm) (≥½ in)cypress genus Cupressus fruit=fleshy berry-like (<1 cm) (<½ in)juniper genus Juniperus
Pinales hosts caterpillars of >247 speciesof butterflies and moths, in some areas.
Conifers (together with ginkgo Ginkgo biloba, cycad order Cycadales and a few more), have 'naked' seeds ( gymnosperm ), by not enclosing its seeds with any ovary structure.
🔍︎ 🔍︎ images Encyclopedia of Life Gymnosperm database NRCS PLANTS db Ohio Plants Wikipedia
🏠︎ about this site
🌳︎🌲︎🌵︎🍁︎ ♒︎ ☙ terrestrial woody plants 🌳︎🍁︎ 📅︎ broadleaves, a month or more after most other deciduous plants 🍃︎ lost their leaves, dormant season
fir genus Abies : balsam fir Abies balsamea ◼︎ white fir Abies concolor Fraser fir Abies fraseri
araucaria genus Araucaria
◼︎ Alaska yellow cedar Callitropsis nootkatensis California incense cedar Calocedrus decurrens
🇦🇺 Australian pine or beach she-oak Casuarina equisetifolia
Port Orford cedar Chamaecyparis lawsoniana ◼︎ Atlantic white cedar Chamaecyparis thyoides
cypress / juniper / redwood family Cupressaceae : cypress genus Cupressus
ginkgo Ginkgo biloba
juniper genus Juniperus : common juniper Juniperus communis creeping juniper Juniperus horizontalis ◼︎ eastern red cedar Juniperus virginiana
larch genus Larix : 🇪🇺 European larch Larix decidua tamarack / American larch Larix laricina subalpine larch Larix lyallii western larch Larix occidentalis
spruce genus Picea : 🇳🇴 Norway spruce Picea abies ◼︎ white spruce Picea glauca ◼︎ black spruce Picea mariana ◼︎ Colorado blue spruce Picea pungens ◼︎ red spruce Picea rubens Sitka spruce Picea sitchensis
🌲︎ pine genus Pinus : ◼︎ whitebark pine Pinus albicaulis jack pine Pinus banksiana lodgepole pine Pinus contorta shortleaf pine Pinus echinata limber pine or 🗻◼︎ Rocky Mountain white pine Pinus flexilis 🇪🇺 ◼︎ European black pine Pinus nigra longleaf pine Pinus palustris ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa ◼︎ red pine Pinus resinosa pitch pine Pinus rigida ◼︎ eastern white pine Pinus strobus Scots pine Pinus sylvestris loblolly pine Pinus taeda scrub pine Pinus virginiana
Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii
coast redwood/California redwood Sequoia sempervirens giant sequoia Sequoiadendron giganteum
bald cypress Taxodium distichum 🇪🇺 European yew Taxus baccata
◼︎ northern white cedar / eastern arborvitae Thuja occidentalis ◼︎ western redcedar Thuja plicata
hemlock genus Tsuga : eastern hemlock Tsuga canadensis western hemlock Tsuga heterophylla