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with young bark=light gray, old bark=darker gray ridged or flaky; buds=short (3-6 mm) (⅛-¼ in) or young bark=smooth shiny, old bark=smooth ridged or flaky; buds=conical or ovate :
buds=∧ pointed or buds=∩ rounded :
buds=dark-red, scales=hairy, bark=fissured, crown=openchestnut oak Quercus prinus buds=chestnut-brown, scales=hairless; bark=flaky, crown=narrow dense, base=buttressedchinquapin oak Quercus muehlenbergii
trunk bark bud scales can be rubbed off or trunk bark furrowed by few scales :
young twigs have coarse downpost oak Quercus stellata young twigs smooth, acorns paired on long stalksEnglish oak Quercus robur acorns not on stalkswhite oak Quercus alba
twigs=thick hairy, buds=hairybur oak Quercus macrocarpa twigs=thick hairy, buds=smoothswamp white oak Quercus bicolor
small contorted shrubby tree or normal tree :
all buds=short (<3 mm) (<⅛ in)scrub oak Quercus ilicifolia all buds=long (>3 mm) (>⅛ in)blackjack oak Quercus marilandica
single straight trunk with lower branches droopingpin oak Quercus palustris bud scales covered w/gray wool, inner bark=yellow (wait a minute)black oak Quercus velutina lower part cluttered with dead branchesnorthern pin oak Quercus ellipsoidalis acorn cup=deep like a wineglass or acorn cup=shallow like a saucer :
acorn on short stalkshingle oak Quercus imbricaria acorn tip has concentric ringsscarlet oak Quercus coccinea
acorns=near-black, with bright orange kernelwater oak Quercus nigra
acorns=long (12-25 mm) (½-1 in), bark ridges w/long smooth sectionsred oak Quercus rubra
acorns=short (<12 mm) (<½ in), bark ridges narrow scalySpanish oak Quercus falcata acorns=short (<12 mm) (<½ in), bark ridges narrow NOT-scalywillow oak Quercus phellos
Uses by native peoples(Ethnobotany database) Used as host by caterpillars of 452 speciesof 🦋 butterflies and moths, in some areas. Discover Life Encyclopedia of Life Google Google images Michigan Flora USDA PLANTS db Wikipedia
terrestrial woody plants that had 🌳︎ broadleaves 🍃︎ now gone 🌳︎ broadleaf 🍃︎ branches, ╟ alternate, list of attributes 🌳︎🍁︎ broadleaves, a month or more after most other deciduous plants lost their leaves, dormant season