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with young bark=light gray, old bark=darker gray ridged or flaky; buds=short (3-6 mm) (⅛-¼ in) or young bark=smooth shiny, old bark=smooth ridged or flaky; buds=conical or ovate :
buds=∧ pointed or buds=∩ rounded :
buds=dark-red, scales=hairy, bark=fissured, crown=openchestnut oak Quercus prinus buds=chestnut-brown, scales=hairless; bark=flaky, crown=narrow dense, base=buttressedchinquapin oak Quercus muehlenbergii
trunk bark bud scales can be rubbed off or trunk bark furrowed by few scales :
young twigs have coarse downpost oak Quercus stellata young twigs smooth, acorns paired on long stalksEnglish oak Quercus robur acorns not on stalkswhite oak Quercus alba
twigs=thick hairy, buds=hairybur oak Quercus macrocarpa twigs=thick hairy, buds=smoothswamp white oak Quercus bicolor
small contorted shrubby tree or normal tree :
all buds=short (<3 mm) (<⅛ in)scrub oak Quercus ilicifolia all buds=long (>3 mm) (>⅛ in)blackjack oak Quercus marilandica
single straight trunk with lower branches droopingpin oak Quercus palustris bud scales covered w/gray wool, inner bark=yellow (wait a minute)black oak Quercus velutina lower part cluttered with dead branchesnorthern pin oak Quercus ellipsoidalis acorn cup=deep like a wineglass or acorn cup=shallow like a saucer :
acorn on short stalkshingle oak Quercus imbricaria acorn tip has concentric ringsscarlet oak Quercus coccinea
acorns=near-black, with bright orange kernelwater oak Quercus nigra
acorns=long (12-25 mm) (½-1 in), bark ridges w/long smooth sectionsnorthern red oak Quercus rubra
acorns=short (<12 mm) (<½ in), bark ridges narrow scalysouthern red oak Quercus falcata acorns=short (<12 mm) (<½ in), bark ridges narrow NOT-scalywillow oak Quercus phellos
Uses by native peoples(Ethnobotany database) Host to caterpillars of 452 speciesof butterflies and moths, in some areas. Discover Life Encyclopedia of Life Google Google images Michigan Flora USDA PLANTS db Wikipedia
terrestrial woody plants that had 🌳︎ broadleaves 🍃︎ now gone 🌳︎ broadleaf 🍃︎ branches, ╟ alternate, list of attributes 🌳︎🍁︎ broadleaves, a month or more after most other deciduous plants lost their leaves, dormant season