with …

twigs=■ square w/corky wings;  bark=breaks into plates;  seed is ½ length of helicopter wide wing
◼ blue ash  Fraxinus quadrangulata

OR they are NOT, but with …
leaf scar[?] shape=℧ horseshoe;  bark=ridged with narrow-◊-diamond-shapes
◼ white ash  Fraxinus americana

OR they are NOT (leaf scar shape=◗ semicircle or ⬮ oval), but with …
twigs=rusty hairy;  buds=rusty hairy;  outer-bark inner-face=​reddish
◼ red ash  Fraxinus pennsylvanica

OR they are NOT, but with …
buds=near-black;  bark=smooth can-be-rubbed-off
◼ black ash  Fraxinus nigra

OR they are NOT, but with …
buds=red-brown;  bark=ridged firm;  leaf scar[?] shape=D◗
◼◼ red ash variant green ash  Fraxinus pennsylvanica

Learn more about ash genus Fraxinus (Fraxinus spp.)

Part of ash / lilac / olive  family Oleaceae.

Uses by native peoples
(Ethnobotany database)

Fraxinus hosts caterpillars of 150 species
of butterflies and moths, in some areas.

Formerly abundant in much of North America and Europe, in much of its range, all native ashes have been killed (or are now being killed) by parasitic insect emerald ash borer (EAB)  Agrilus planipennis.   Native alternatives for ashes killed by EAB (Missouri Botanical Garden).

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