with …
twigs=thin  (≤12 mm) (≤½ in)  OR  cut twigs show little ⊚ pith [?]  or
twigs=thick (>12 mm) (>½ in) AND cut twigs show mostly ⊚ pith [?] :

Twigs=thick (>12 mm) (>½ in) AND cut twigs show mostly ⊚ pith

terminal bud much larger than other buds;  each bud has bark fold circling the twig
magnolia  genus Magnolia
terminal buds larger than side buds;  small tree in wet area
X✋︎ DO NOT TOUCH ✋︎X poison sumac  Toxicodendron vernix

no terminal bud[?];  leaf scars [?] have 3-5 BUNDLE SCARS [?]
Kentucky coffeetree  Gymnocladus dioicus
no terminal bud[?];  leaf scars [?] have many BUNDLE SCARS[?];  bark=​___ smooth tan or light gray, lots of lenticels [?]
tree of heaven (ToH)  Ailanthus altissima

shrubby, not a tree;  stem and twigs=hairy;  leaf scar [?] shape=C
staghorn sumac  Rhus typhina