with …
twigs=thin  (≤12 mm) (≤½ in)  OR  cut twigs show little pith[?]  or
twigs=thick (>12 mm) (>½ in) AND cut twigs show mostly pith[?] :

Twigs=thick (>12 mm) (>½ in) AND cut twigs show mostly pith

terminal bud much larger than other buds;  each bud has bark fold circling the twig
magnolia  genus Magnolia
terminal buds larger than side buds;  small tree in wet area
X✋︎ DO NOT TOUCH ✋︎X poison sumac  Toxicodendron vernix

no terminal bud[?];  leaf scars[?] have 3-5 BUNDLE SCARS[?]
Kentucky coffeetree  Gymnocladus dioicus
no terminal bud[?];  leaf scars[?] have many BUNDLE SCARS[?];  bark=​___ smooth tan or light gray, lots of lenticels[?]
tree of heaven  Ailanthus altissima

shrubby, not a tree;  stem and twigs=hairy;  leaf scar[?] shape=C
staghorn sumac  Rhus typhina