| Easily-confused! |
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| If your specimen has leaves with blade division: | and: | | then you have: |
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| 🌿︎ compound
| leaf surface=always glossy,
⍋___⍋ teeth=very far apart with spines,
margin (edge)=NOT ♒︎ undulate,
evergreen
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lookalike
Oregon grape Mahonia aquifolium.
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| 🍁︎ simple
| leaf surface=always glossy,
▴▴▴▴ teeth=very small but | sharp,
margin (edge)=NOT ♒︎ undulate,
🍃︎ deciduous
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lookalike
common winterberry/Michigan holly/◼︎ black alder Ilex verticillata.
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leaf surface=always glossy,
⍋___⍋ teeth=very far apart with spines,
margin (edge)=♒︎ undulate,
evergreen
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lookalike
🇬🇧 English holly Ilex aquifolium.
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mature leaf surface=dull,
⍋___⍋ teeth=very far apart with spines,
margin (edge)=NOT ♒︎ undulate,
evergreen
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this plant, please
continue below …
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